A amount of repeaters are used for Band topology with large amount of nodes, because if somebody desires to deliver some information to the final node in the band topology with 100 nodes, then the information will have to move through 99 nodes to reach the 100tl node. Hence to avoid data reduction repeaters are utilized in the network. The transmission can be unidirectional, but it can become made bidirectional by getting 2 contacts between each System Node, it is usually called Dual Band Topology. In Dual Ring Topology, two band networks are shaped, and information flow is certainly in reverse direction in them. Furthermore, if one band breaks down, the 2nd band can work as a backup, to keep the network up. Information is moved in a sequential manner that is bit by bit.

• Extended Star Topology

Extended Star Topology

A Cost Effective Topology Migration Path Towards Fibre. Frank Phillipson. TNO, Delft, the Netherlands. Email: frank.phillipson@tno.nl Abstract— If. An operator has as starting position a Full Copper topology in which ADSL or VDSL is offered from the Central Office, the next choice he has to make is to provide Full FttH or use another topology option, e.g. A star topology typically uses a network hub or switch and is common for in-home networks. Every device has its own connection to the hub. The performance of a star network depends on the hub. If the hub fails, the network is down for all connected devices. Star topology is the most common topology in use today. In a star topology, each device has a dedicated point to point link only to central controller “hub”. A hub is a rectangular box-shaped device with multiple plug-in points called ‘ports’. This means that star topology can be limiting at times because there are circumstances in which the central hub can be broken. Additionally, though it may be easy to repair the network, the cost of doing so may be high.

Data carried, has to complete through each nodé of the network, till the destination node.